P11D Explained
The form your employer files with HMRC to report any benefits in kind you received during the tax year, such as a company car, private medical insurance or interest-free loans.
What is a P11D?
A P11D is a form that employers submit to HMRC after each tax year, listing the benefits in kind and expenses provided to each employee. These are perks that have a cash value but are not included in your regular salary. Common examples include company cars, fuel cards, private health cover and gym memberships paid by the employer.
The filing deadline is 6 July following the end of the tax year. For 2025-26, employers must submit P11D forms by 6 July 2026.
How it works
HMRC uses the P11D information to adjust your tax code. The taxable value of your benefits gets added to your income for tax purposes. This means your Personal Allowance is effectively reduced, and you pay more tax through PAYE each month.
Some employers now use "payrolling" of benefits, which means the tax on the benefit is deducted directly from your pay each month. If your employer payrolls all your benefits, they do not need to file a P11D for you.
The employer also pays Class 1A National Insurance at 13.8% on the total value of all benefits reported on P11D forms. This is the employer's cost, not yours.
Real example
Tom earns £40,000 and has a company car with a P11D value of £25,000. The car is petrol with CO2 emissions of 130g/km, giving a benefit-in-kind rate of 31%. His taxable car benefit is £7,750 per year (£25,000 x 31%).
As a basic rate taxpayer (20%), Tom pays an extra £1,550 in tax per year on the car benefit. HMRC collects this by changing his tax code from 1257L to something like 482L, which reduces his monthly tax-free amount.
His employer also pays £1,069.50 in Class 1A NI on the benefit (£7,750 x 13.8%).
Who does this affect?
Any employee receiving non-cash benefits from their employer is affected. This includes company directors. The most commonly reported items are company cars, fuel allowances, private medical insurance and beneficial loans above £10,000.
If you only receive trivial benefits (worth £50 or less per occasion), these are exempt and do not appear on a P11D.
HMRC source
gov.uk/paye-forms-p45-p60-p11d/p11d explains which benefits must be reported and the filing process.
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