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About UK Income Tax

In the UK, Income Tax and National Insurance are deducted from your salary by your employer through Pay As You Earn (PAYE). The amount you pay depends on your income, your tax code and where in the UK you live.

For the 2025-26 tax year, the personal allowance is £12,570, the basic rate band runs to £50,270, and the higher rate applies above that. The additional rate of 45% applies to income over £125,140. Scotland sets its own Income Tax bands.

Frequently asked questions

How much tax do I pay on my salary in 2025-26?

For 2025-26: no tax on the first £12,570 (Personal Allowance), 20% basic rate from £12,571 to £50,270, 40% higher rate from £50,271 to £125,140, and 45% additional rate above £125,140. National Insurance is deducted at 8% between £12,570 and £50,270, and 2% above.

What is the difference between income tax and National Insurance?

Income Tax funds general government spending. National Insurance funds state benefits including the NHS and State Pension. Both are deducted from your pay via PAYE. Employees pay NI at 8% on earnings between £12,570 and £50,270, and 2% above that.

How does Scotland income tax differ from England?

Scotland has 6 income tax bands (19% to 48%) compared to England's 3 (20% to 45%). Scottish taxpayers earning above roughly £30,000 generally pay more than equivalents in England. The Higher Rate threshold in Scotland starts at £43,662 vs £50,270 in England.

What is the tax-free personal allowance for 2025-26?

The Personal Allowance for 2025-26 is £12,570. The first £12,570 of your income is completely free from income tax. The allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 earned above £100,000, tapering to zero at £125,140.